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whose message was starkly simple: “if you don’t vote for us, they’ll fire you”. Even
                     more humiliating, civil servants were forced to attend by the simple expedient of roll
                     calling. Generally, the roll was called as employees prepared to board the buses that
                     would  take  them  to  the  meeting  place.  Ministry  of  Public  Works,  Industrial
                     Department, John Doe: Here! Joe Blow: Here! On the following day, any employee
                     courageous enough not to have attended the meeting would get a threatening scowl
                     from his “political” boss and the message would be reiterated in body language: “vote
                     for us or you’ll lose your job”.

                             These meetings were a systematic, organized effort to get the civil service
                     vote, mostly through intimidation. (See exhibit 4). They were not informal meetings,
                     as Barletta tried to dismiss them at CADE 84. They were further complemented by a
                     well-orchestrated  advertising  campaign  and  the  firing  of  several  known  opposition
                     sympathizers, as we shall see.

                             As regards the humiliating “roll calls”, there are innumerable witnesses who
                     will attest to them. Should the reader harbor any doubts, I invite him to ask any civil
                     servant of his acquaintance who will surely confirm what took place.

                             Meetings like those at “El Cosita Buena” also took place in the provinces.
                     Finally, on April 9, a massive rally of civil servants was held at the Nuevo Panama
                     Gymnasium.  Participants  were  assigned  numbered  seats,  the  better  to  control  their
                     attendance. On this occasion, Barletta himself delivered the humiliating threat although
                     perhaps in a somewhat subtler fashion than some of his subordinates.

                             Meanwhile, in the different ministries and public agencies, PRD committees
                     were being set up, offices were being decorated with party banners, flies were being
                     distributed (See exhibit 5) and people whose opposition sympathies were intolerable
                     were being fired, all of it, of course, in flagrant violation of the Electoral Code. For
                     instance:

                                         --Eladio Pérez Venero, a top executive in the National
                                         Bank, was dismissed for running for alternate legislator
                                         from Panama on the Authentic Panameñista Party (PPA)
                                         ticket.
                                         --Armando Canales, National Casinos, was dismissed

                                         for running for representative from the Juan Diaz on the
                                         PPA ticket.
                                         --Sixto Moreno Campos, Chiriquí citrus, was dismissed
                                         for being a member of the opposition.
                                         --Francisco Moreno, South Soná Project,

                                         DIGEDECOM, was fired for running for alternate

                                         representative for the Río Grande, in Soná District, as a
                                         write-in candidate.
                                         --Francisco Hernández, ENDEMA, coworker of
                                         Francisco Moreno.
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